Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM)
A comprehensive panel measuring three major antibody types to assess immune system function and detect potential deficiencies or excesses in immune response.
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What this test measures
Quantitative immunoglobulin testing is used to measure the levels of three major immunoglobulin classes --- IgG, IgA, and IgM --- which make up 80%, 15%, and 5%, respectively, of normal serum immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins (Ig) or antibodies are glycoproteins produced by plasma cells. Plasma cells are protein-making cells participating in humoral immune responses against bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, cellular antigens, chemicals, and synthetic substances. This panel provides a comprehensive assessment of an individual's antibody production capacity and immune system health.
IgG is the main type of antibody found in blood and extracellular fluid, allowing it to control infection of body tissues. By binding many kinds of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, IgG protects the body from infection. IgM antibodies are the first to respond to an infection while your body makes IgG antibodies, which come in to fight later in the infection. While in blood, IgA is mainly present as monomers (the shape of a single Y), but it forms dimers (a combination of 2 Ys) in secretions such as bowel fluid, nasal discharge, and saliva, to prevent bacterial invasion from a mucous membrane. It is also present in breast milk and protects the gastrointestinal tract of newborns from bacterial and viral infection.
What's included
Who should consider this test
You might consider this test if you are experiencing any of the following:
- Individuals who experience frequent or recurrent infections, particularly respiratory, gastrointestinal, or sinus infections, may benefit from this test to evaluate potential immune system deficiencies.
- Those with a family history of immune deficiency disorders or autoimmune conditions should consider testing to assess their immune status and identify potential hereditary factors.
- Patients with symptoms suggestive of autoimmune disorders, such as chronic fatigue, joint pain, or unexplained inflammation, may need immunoglobulin testing as part of their diagnostic evaluation.
- Healthcare providers may recommend this panel for individuals with chronic conditions like liver disease, kidney disease, or certain cancers that can affect antibody production and immune function.
- People who have been diagnosed with conditions that may affect immune function, such as HIV, diabetes, or those taking immunosuppressive medications, should consider monitoring their immunoglobulin levels regularly.
What to expect
Preparation
No fasting required. Inform healthcare providers about any medications or supplements being taken, especially immunosuppressive drugs, steroids, or recent vaccinations that may affect results.
Sample Type
A standard blood draw from a vein in the arm using a needle. The process typically takes just a few minutes and involves minimal discomfort.
Collection
At the lab location, a trained phlebotomist will collect approximately 2-3 mL of blood in specialized tubes. The sample will be processed to separate serum for analysis.
Turnaround
Results are typically available within 1-3 business days after the lab receives the sample, with no doctor visit required to receive results.
Understanding your results
Your provider will compare your levels of IgM, IgG, and IgA. Your results can mean different things, depending on your symptoms, any conditions you may have, and which immunoglobulins are high or low. Results are interpreted in the context of age, sex, and clinical presentation.
| Population | Reference Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Adults | IgG: 700-1600 mg/dL, IgA: 70-400 mg/dL, IgM: 40-230 mg/dL | The median values of IgA, IgG, and IgM were 2.10 g/L, 9.70 g/L, and 0.85 g/L respectively. Reference ranges may vary by laboratory method and population demographics. |
Reference ranges may vary by laboratory and individual factors. Results should be interpreted by a healthcare provider in the context of your overall health.
What does a “Low” result mean?
The presence of low IgA may be associated with recurrent diarrhea and lung and sinus infections. Low IgG is associated with pyogenic infections, indicating potential immune deficiency. Moderate hypogammaglobulinaemia is often associated with recurrent bacterial infections. Low immunoglobulin levels may suggest primary or secondary immune deficiency, requiring further evaluation and potentially treatment with immunoglobulin replacement therapy.
What does a “High” result mean?
Elevated IgG levels can be seen in chronic active infection or inflammation, or in association with plasma cell disorders. Elevated IgM levels are a nonspecific marker of inflammation, but can be associated with liver disease and certain blood cancers. Elevated immunoglobulin levels may also indicate autoimmune conditions, chronic infections, or certain cancers affecting immune cells. High levels typically suggest an overactive immune response rather than immediate health danger.
Privacy & confidentiality
All immunoglobulin test results are completely confidential and protected under HIPAA regulations. Your results will not be sent to your personal doctor unless you specifically request it, will not be added to your medical records without your consent, and will not appear on insurance statements or explanations of benefits.
Frequently asked questions
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CPT Code: 82784, 82784, 82784
This test may not be available in: NY, NJ, RI
This page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider regarding any health concerns. LevelPanel does not diagnose, treat, or prescribe.
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Not sure if this is the right test? Contact our care team for guidance.