Lp-PLA2 (PLAC Test)
Measures Lp-PLA2 enzyme levels to assess cardiovascular risk by detecting arterial inflammation associated with atherosclerotic plaque formation.
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What this test measures
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an inflammatory enzyme that breaks down oxidized low-density lipoprotein in the vascular wall and is primarily bound to low-density lipoproteins. This enzyme can assess the amount of inflammation in the arteries due to cholesterol buildup and reflects the amount of plaque and inflammation in blood vessels. Unlike hs-CRP, which reflects general systemic inflammation, Lp-PLA2 specifically reflects active inflammation within atherosclerotic plaques, making it the most vascular-specific inflammatory marker available.
When LDL cholesterol gets into the artery wall, the body tries to get rid of it by making Lp-PLA2. Unfortunately, the actions of Lp-PLA2 contribute to increased inflammation and increased cholesterol accumulation in the artery wall, forming what is called plaque. Lp-PLA2 participates in the breakdown of oxidized LDL in the vascular wall by hydrolyzing the oxidized phospholipid, producing lysophosphatidylcholine and oxidized free fatty acids, both of which are potent pro-inflammatory products that contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Lp-PLA2 is especially valuable for identifying 'vulnerable' plaques at high risk of rupture. These thin-capped, inflammation-rich plaques are the direct cause of most acute coronary events.
Who should consider this test
You might consider this test if you are experiencing any of the following:
- Individuals with moderate to high cardiovascular risk factors such as high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, or family history of heart disease may benefit from this test to better assess their risk profile.
- Those who want more specific information about arterial inflammation beyond what traditional cholesterol panels provide, as Lp-PLA2 specifically measures inflammation within artery walls rather than general body inflammation.
- People with existing cardiovascular conditions who need to monitor their risk of future cardiac events, as elevated Lp-PLA2 levels are associated with increased risk of heart attack and stroke.
- Individuals seeking to optimize their cardiovascular health and identify potential risks before symptoms develop, particularly when other traditional risk factors may not tell the complete story.
- Patients whose healthcare providers want to make more informed decisions about cardiovascular treatments, as Lp-PLA2 results can help guide preventive interventions and risk reduction strategies.
What to expect
Preparation
No fasting is required for this test. Individuals should inform their healthcare provider about all medications, as certain drugs like beta-blockers and steroids may affect results.
Sample Type
A standard blood draw from a vein in the arm, requiring approximately 1 mL of blood. The collection process takes just a few minutes.
Collection
At the lab location, a technician will clean the puncture site, insert a needle to draw blood into a collection tube, and apply a bandage. No doctor visit is required.
Turnaround
Results are typically available within 1-3 business days and will be accessible through your secure online portal.
Understanding your results
Normal Lp-PLA2 levels are typically less than 200 ng/mL, with elevated risk defined above 200 to 235 ng/mL. Results should be interpreted alongside other cardiovascular risk factors and clinical assessment.
| Population | Reference Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Adult Males | 107-265 U/L | Activity measurement; males typically show higher levels than females |
| Adult Females | 84-225 U/L | Activity measurement; females generally have lower baseline levels |
| General Adult Population | Less than 200 ng/mL | Mass measurement; levels above this range may indicate increased cardiovascular risk |
Reference ranges may vary by laboratory and individual factors. Results should be interpreted by a healthcare provider in the context of your overall health.
What does a “Low” result mean?
Low Lp-PLA2 levels below 100 ng/mL are considered optimal in functional medicine approaches. Lower levels typically indicate less arterial inflammation and may be associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. Lp-PLA2 activity can be reduced by treatment with lipid-lowering therapies, increased omega-3 fatty acids, and lifestyle modifications. Low levels generally suggest better cardiovascular health, though they should still be interpreted within the context of overall risk assessment.
What does a “High” result mean?
Elevated Lp-PLA2 levels may indicate inflammation in the arteries and increased risk for heart disease and stroke. Higher levels are significantly associated with coronary artery disease and more extensive angiographic disease. Elevated levels reflect increased plaque and inflammation in blood vessels, which can narrow arteries, stress the heart, and increase blood clot risk. However, elevated levels do not definitively diagnose heart disease but rather indicate increased risk that may warrant preventive interventions.
Privacy & confidentiality
Your Lp-PLA2 test results are completely confidential and protected under HIPAA regulations. Results are not shared with your personal physician unless you choose to do so, not added to your medical records, and not reported to insurance companies or included on insurance EOBs.
Frequently asked questions
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CPT Code: 83698
This test may not be available in: NY, NJ, RI
This page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider regarding any health concerns. LevelPanel does not diagnose, treat, or prescribe.
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Not sure if this is the right test? Contact our care team for guidance.