Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
Measures myeloperoxidase enzyme levels to assess cardiovascular inflammation and heart disease risk.
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What this test measures
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme produced by white blood cells that plays an important role in the body's immune defense system. This enzyme is involved in breaking down bacteria and other foreign substances in the body by catalyzing the formation of reactive oxidant species. MPO is abundantly expressed in neutrophils and monocytes and generates highly reactive oxidizing species including hypochlorous acid during immune defense.
In the cardiovascular system, MPO mediates vascular inflammation that can lead to plaque formation and is the enzyme that oxidizes LDL cholesterol to its most harmful form. When white blood cells are activated in response to artery wall damage, MPO is released into the bloodstream, making it a marker of vascular inflammation. This enzyme has been linked to potentially harmful biological activities throughout cardiovascular disease development, including during the initiation, progression, and acute complication phases of atherosclerosis.
Who should consider this test
You might consider this test if you are experiencing any of the following:
- Individuals with multiple cardiovascular risk factors who want to assess their level of arterial inflammation beyond standard cholesterol testing.
- Those with a family history of heart disease or cardiovascular events despite having normal cholesterol levels who need additional risk stratification.
- Patients with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, or insulin resistance who may have elevated inflammatory markers contributing to cardiovascular risk.
- People who are current or former smokers, as MPO levels can help quantify residual neutrophil activation and ongoing vascular oxidative stress.
- Individuals being monitored for response to anti-inflammatory cardiovascular interventions such as statin therapy or omega-3 supplementation.
What to expect
Preparation
No special preparation is required for the MPO test. No fasting is necessary, and patients may continue taking their regular medications. However, the test should be performed during stable health conditions.
Sample Type
A healthcare professional will collect a blood sample from a vein in the arm using standard venipuncture techniques. The blood is collected in a special tube containing EDTA anticoagulant to preserve the sample.
Collection
The blood draw is quick and typically takes just a few minutes. After collection, the sample must be processed promptly, with plasma separated from blood cells within two hours to ensure accurate results.
Turnaround
Test results are typically available within 1-3 business days after the laboratory receives the sample.
Understanding your results
Normal MPO levels are typically less than 400-469 pmol/L. Results should be interpreted in the context of stable health, as MPO levels can be falsely elevated during acute infections or inflammatory events.
| Population | Reference Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Adults | Less than 400 pmol/L | Normal range indicating low cardiovascular inflammation risk |
| Adults | 400-480 pmol/L | Moderately elevated levels suggesting increased cardiovascular risk |
| Adults | Greater than 480 pmol/L | Significantly elevated levels indicating high cardiovascular inflammation risk |
Reference ranges may vary by laboratory and individual factors. Results should be interpreted by a healthcare provider in the context of your overall health.
What does a “Low” result mean?
Lower-than-normal MPO levels may indicate a deficiency of white blood cells or reduced immune system activity. In the cardiovascular context, lower MPO levels generally suggest reduced vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. However, very low levels should be evaluated in the context of overall immune function and white blood cell counts to ensure adequate immune system function.
What does a “High” result mean?
Elevated MPO levels may indicate the presence of inflammation, infection, or disease processes such as bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, cancer, or inflammatory conditions. In the cardiovascular context, higher MPO levels are associated with increased risk of heart disease and may predict cardiovascular events independent of traditional risk factors like LDL cholesterol. Two individuals with identical cholesterol levels can have dramatically different cardiovascular risk based on their MPO levels.
Privacy & confidentiality
Your MPO test results are completely confidential and protected under HIPAA regulations. Results are not automatically shared with your personal physician or added to your medical records unless you specifically request it. No insurance billing or explanation of benefits is generated for this direct-pay testing service.
Frequently asked questions
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CPT Code: 83876
This test may not be available in: NY, NJ, RI
This page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider regarding any health concerns. LevelPanel does not diagnose, treat, or prescribe.
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Not sure if this is the right test? Contact our care team for guidance.